At what stage of moral development do adolescents typically operate according to Kohlberg?

In Kohlberg's framework of moral development, adolescents typically function at the Conventional Level. This stage is characterized by an understanding of societal norms and the importance of maintaining social order. Individuals in this level of moral reasoning are inclined to conform to the expectations of others and follow laws and rules established by society because they value the approval of others and a sense of belonging.

During adolescence, individuals start to develop a deeper awareness of moral values that are accepted by their peers and society at large. They move beyond the self-centered reasoning of the Pre-conventional Level and begin to prioritize relationships and adherence to social agreements. This shift reflects a significant maturation in their ability to navigate complex social situations, as they recognize that moral behavior is often tied to the expectations of their community.

The other levels mentioned do not accurately represent typical adolescent moral reasoning. The Pre-conventional Level is more aligned with younger children's reasoning, where decisions are based on direct consequences to themselves. The Post-conventional Level, which involves abstract reasoning and the recognition of universal ethical principles, tends to emerge in later adolescence or adulthood and is not characteristic of the majority of adolescents. The Ethical Level is not a recognized stage within Kohlberg's model.