What psychological condition is often diagnosed in adolescents experiencing prolonged sadness?

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or a lack of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, which can significantly impair daily functioning. In adolescents, this condition may manifest as prolonged emotional distress, irritability, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and difficulty concentrating.

MDD is particularly relevant in this age group because adolescence is a time of significant emotional and physical changes, and the onset of depression can have profound impacts on development, academic performance, and social relationships. Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder is vital because it helps guide treatment strategies that can improve the quality of life for affected adolescents.

The other conditions listed may have overlapping symptoms with depression, but they generally do not primarily involve prolonged sadness. For instance, Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by chronic anxiety and worry rather than sadness. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder focuses on issues with attention and hyperactivity rather than mood, while Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is defined by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, not primarily prolonged sadness. Thus, identifying Major Depressive Disorder is crucial for addressing the specific emotional issues adolescents may face.